Preventing Environmental Disasters: Market-Based vs. Command-and-Control Policies

Market-Based Environmental Policies

Some eighty years ago, economists first proposed the use of corrective taxes to internalize environmental and other externalities. Fifty years later, the portfolio of potential economic-incentive instruments was expanded to include quantity-based mechanisms — tradeable permits. Thus, economicincentive approaches to environmental protection are clearly not a new policy idea, and over the past tw...

Preventing Gender-based Violence Post Disasters

Lessons From the American Experiment With Market-Based Environmental Policies

portion of this paper may be reproduced without permission of the authors. Discussion papers are research materials circulated by their authors for purposes of information and discussion. They have not necessarily undergone formal peer review or editorial treatment.

Command Governor-Based Adaptive Control

Even though an important prerequisite for an adaptive controller is the ability to adapt fast in the face of large system uncertainties, fast adaptation with high-gain learning rates can be a serious limitation due to the fact that it can possibly yield to high-frequency oscillations especially during the transient system response. Therefore, achieving fast adaptation with low-gain learning rat...

Brain control of body temperature: Central command vs feedback

In his landmark Physiological Reviews article of 1929 Walter Cannon defined homeostasis as the coordinated physiological mechanisms that maintain the physical and chemical properties of the internal environment, i.e. the extracellular fluid that surrounds all cells in the body. This in turn was based on the principle, first enunciated by Claude Bernard, that the constancy of the internal enviro...